1. Yediot Ahronot, Oct. 6; Serge Schmemann, NYT, Nov. 17; editorial, Ha'aretz, Oct. 6 (Middle East International), 1995. Rubinstein, Palestine-Israel Journal, Winter 1995. Report on Israeli Settlement, Foundation for Middle East Peace (Washington), 5.6, Nov. 1995.

2. Ibid. Benvenisti, Ha'aretz, May 12, 1994 (Israel Shahak, "Translations from the Hebrew Press", June 1994).

3. For recent reviews and updates, see my Necessary Illusions (South End, 1989); World Orders, Old and New (Columbia, 1994); Powers and Prospects (South End, 1996). Norman Finkelstein, Image and Reality of the Israel-Palestine Conflict (Verso, 1995); The End of Palestine (Minnesota, 1996). Naseer Aruri, The Obstruction of Peace (Common Courage, 1995). On 1993-95, see Edward Said, Peace and its Discontents (Vintage, 1995) and Graham Usher, Palestine in Crisis (Pluto, 1995). One recent standard source is Mark Tessler, A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Indiana, 1994), one of the better histories, though not without serious flaws, particularly with regard to the topics considered here; see Powers and Prospects on one crucial case.

4. Usher, op. cit.

5. Serge Schmemann, Elaine Sciolino, NYT, Nov. 14; Schmemann, NYT, Nov. 29; Curtius, Nov. 29, 1995. Reuters, Oct. 13, 1995. Curtius, BG, July 30, 1993. On Israel's 1993 invasion, which has largely been excised from history, see my article in Z magazine, Sept. 1993. Economist, July 15; Reuter, Guardian, July 10, 1995. Fisk, Independent, Oct. 22, 1994.

6. Rabin, Yediot Ahronot, Oct. 3, 1993. Kissinger, Australian Financial Review, Nov. 13, 1995.

7. Barak, Benvenisti, Ha'aretz, Oct. 12 (The Other Front, Jerusalem, October, 1995); "The Taba Interim Agreement, Another Capitulation by Arafat", Ha'aretz, July 6 (Shahak translations, Sept. 1995). Sharon, Ethan Bronner, Boston Globe, Nov. 17; Harel, Schmemann, op. cit.; Beilin, Ma'ariv, Sept. 27 (Shahak translations); Rabin, Report on Israeli Settlement, Nov. 1995; Rabin and press reports, Ha'aretz, Oct. 6 and Kol Ha'ir, Oct. 13 (Challenge (Jerusalem), Dec. 1995).

8. Reinhart, Ha'aretz, May 27, 1994. Avineri, cited by John Battersby, Christian Science Monitor, Sept. 28, 1995.

9. Interview, Ha'aretz, June 4, 1982.

10. See Necessary Illusions and my "Israel's Role in U.S. Foreign Policy", in Zachary Lockman & Joel Beinin, eds., Intifida (South End, 1989).

11. The Other Front, Oct. 1995; News from Within, Nov. 1995. For further details, see references of note 3.

12. Shahak, MEI, 17 Nov. 1995; Ideology as a Central Factor in Israeli Policies (Hebrew), May-June 1995. Susskind, Challenge, No. 32; Levy, Ha'aretz, April 23, 1995.

13. B'Tselem Report, May 1995, citing Sarah Kaminker; summary and excerpts in Ha'aretz, May 15; News from Within, June 1995. Also Aaron Back and Eitan Felner, senior staff members of B'Tselem, Tikkun 10.4, 1995. Graham Usher, MEI, 12 May 1995. See also Clyde Haberman, NYT, May 14,15, 1995.

14. Sarah Kaminker and Associates, Planning and Housing Issues in East Jerusalem, June 1994.

15. Israeli Ministry of Defense, Jerusalem Post, Feb. 15, 1985; cited by Anthony Coon, Town Planning Under Military Occupation (Al Haq, Ramallah, 1992). Shaked, Yediot Ahronot, Oct. 13, 1995. Moshe Semyonov and Noah Lewin-Epstein, Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water (Cornell, 1987). Shlomo Abramovitch, Sheva Yamim, March 3; editor Hanoch Marmari, Ha'aretz, March 9 (Shaha translations, April); Ha'etzni, Ma'ariv, May 5, 1995.

16. Kav La'Oved Newsletter, Oct. 1995. Aid, see Powers and Prospects. Said Aburish and Tim Llewellyn, Independent, 23 June, 1995.

17. Rubinstein, "Two Banks of the Jordan", Ha'aretz, Feb. 13, 1995 (Shahak, "Translations", April). See World Orders, Powers and Prospects, for further discussion.

18. Julian Ozanne and David Gardner, FT, Aug. 8; Stephen Langfur, Allegra Pachecho (Society of St. Yves), Challenge, Nov.-Dec. (also MEI, 3 Nov.); Cohen, Ha'aretz, Aug. 21, 1995.

19. Outlook (Vancouver), Oct./Nov. 1995.

20. See particularly Avi Shlaim, Collusion across the Jordan (Columbia, 1988).

21. See my "Art of Evasion: Diplomacy in the Middle East", Z, Jan. 1990; Deterring Democracy (Hill & Wang, 1992), "Afterword"; World Orders, chap. 3.

22. Amy Dockser Marcus, WSJ, Nov. 2; Julian Ozanne, FT, Oct. 24, 1995. On the tacit alliance, see my April 1977 article in Le Monde diplomatique, reprinted in Towards a New Cold War (Pantheon, 1982). It is most illuminating, but beyond the scope of this discussion, to see how these facts are finally entering mainstream scholarship.

23. Rabin, interview, Jerusalem Post International Edition, week ending Oct. 16, 1993. Usher, MEI, 6 Jan. 1995.

24. Derek Brown, Manchester Guardian Weekly, lead story, Oct. 1; John Battersby, CSM, Sept. 28; Ethan Bronner, BG, Sept. 28; R.W. Apple, NYT, Sept. 29; David Shribman, BG, Sept. 29; editorial, WP weekly, Oct. 2-8; Reuters, BG, Nov. 5, FT, Nov 6; Serge Schmemann, NYT, Nov. 5; Clyde Haberman, NYT, Nov. 6, 1995; Glenn Frankel, WP weekly, Nov. 27-Dec. 3; Stephen Howe, NS, 17 Nov. 1995.

25. Barzilai, Ha'aretz, Oct. 24, 1995.

26. For documentation, see references of note 3.

27. Loren Jenkins, WP, April 17; Glenn Frankel, WP, April 18, 20; Robert Pear, NYT, April 19, 1988.

28. Sciolino, NYT, Nov. 6, 1995.

29. Kifner, NYT, April 23, 1988. See Necessary Illusions.

30. Ibid., citing NYT, April 6, 8, 1988.

31. Serge Schmemann, NYT, Nov. 5; Baram, Graham Usher, MEI, 3 Nov. 1995.

32. David Shribman, Peter Canellos, BG, Nov. 5, 1995.

33. AP, BG, Oct. 1, 1995, reporting Clinton's radio address. NPR, May 12, 1995.