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Geography-Anthropology Course Descriptions

Geography-Anthropology

GYA 202D Research Methods

Students will focus on the ways in which geographers and anthropologists conduct research. We will address the issues of research question formulation, methodological strategies, and analytic techniques. Topics include defining research problems, measurement, sampling, research design, and analysis. Examples, case studies, and data will be drawn from the disciplines of geography and anthropology. Prerequisite: one of the following: [ANT 101J, ANT 102K, ANT 103] and one of the following: [GEO 101J, GEO 102K], as well as completion of the mathematics proficiency. Cr 3

GYA 215 Culture and Place

This course provides an introduction to the ways in which basic principles of ethnography, ethnohistory, and material culture studies can be used to understand the cultural landscape of cities. Normally offered during either Winter or Summer Session, the course will usually be conducted in a setting outside of Maine. The emphasis will be on collaborative research skills, understanding of other cultures, and appreciation of the interrelationship of anthropology and geography. Cr 4-6

GYA 300 Archaeology Field School

The summer field school is designed to combine training in research methods of archaeology and geography. Students will receive intensive training in methods of site survey excavation and materials analysis. Several weeks will be spent at selected areas of coastal Maine involved in survey and excavation of sites, mapping sites and landscape features, and investigating potential food resources in site areas. This will be followed by some laboratory analysis of recovered materials. This course may be repeated twice with the permission of the instructor. Cr 4-6

GEO/GEY 360 Field Mapping in the Island Environment: Data Collection to GIS

The coast of Maine provides a unique laboratory for teaching environmental mapping, data compilation, and data management. In this course students are trained and equipped to use kayaks as the platform from which to conduct survey work for the preparation of small-scale high-resolution analytical maps of natural, historical, and archaeological phenomena. Field techniques used include topographic surveying, global positioning system (GPS) operation, and field mapping of geological and geographical features. Minimum impact methods are used throughout. Laboratory techniques used include air-photo interpretation, traditional cartography, and geographic information system (GIS) operation. The course culminates in the completion of a portfolio of maps and a GIS database covering the area surveyed. This course may be repeated once for credit. Offered Summer Session only. Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Cr 6

GYA 350-351 Internship in Applied Geography-Anthropology

Internships offer the student practical experience in working with public agencies, private firms, and municipalities engaged in applied geographical-anthropological activities including, but not limited to, planning, transportation, delivery of human services, and natural resources. A written contract will be drawn up by advisor and student for each internship, specifying the number of credits sought and work required for these credits. As a general rule, internships will require at least eight hours of actual work per week. Interns will be expected to meet at least once every two weeks with instructor to discuss experiences and/or problems. In addition, a major paper will be required from each student intern discussing an aspect of the internship or the work performed during the internship. Offered pass/fail only. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing in geography-anthropology. Cr 1-6

GYA 400 Independent Study in Anthropology or Geography

The Department faculty offers independent study in a topic in anthropology or geography for upper-level students (junior and senior status). Students must have had at least one course from the faculty member supervising the independent study; the proposal is subject to departmental approval. Variable credits will be offered.

Anthropology

ANT 101J Anthropology: The Cultural View

This course is a basic introductory survey of cultural anthropology. It examines the differences between cultures as well as cultural universals, and the relationship between social organization, ideology, economics, and political structure in different types of societies. It reviews the various theoretical approaches in cultural anthropology's attempt to explain human behavior, presenting examples from foraging, farming, and contemporary industrial societies through readings and films. Cr 3

ANT 102K Biological Anthropology

This course examines our place in nature; the relationship between human biology and culture; the relevance of primate behavior and human evolution to understanding contemporary human society; human biological adaptations, including a discussion of population and nutrition; and contemporary human variation with an evaluation of the concept of race. The course includes a required 2-hour lab each week that provides practical experience with materials and research methods used by biological anthropologists. Cr 4

ANT 103 Introduction to Archaeology

This course describes the methods and theories used by modern archaeologists to uncover information about past human life ways. Attention is given to techniques of survey and excavation of archaeological materials; concepts of space and time in archaeological; and detailed analysis of artifacts and organic residues. Some attention will be given to specific topics such as the archaeology of Maine. Cr 3

ANT 104 Introduction to Historical Archaeology

An examination of the development and role of historical archaeology in interpreting the past, with regional emphasis on the United States. Several topics in historical archaeology will be examined, including New England historical archaeology, material culture analysis, subsistence and food way patterns, African American archaeology, and global perspectives. Cr 3

ANT 201J Human Origins

This course focuses on the fossil and cultural evidence for human evolution. Topics to be covered include evolutionary theory, primate behavior, hominid origins, the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of fossil hominids, Pleistocene cultural adaptations, and the origin of modern Homo sapiens. The relationship between biology, geography, and culture is explored using the skeletal and archaeological evidence for human evolution. Cr 3

ANT 202I Origins of Civilization

This course traces the evolution of human culture from the origins of farming and domestication, to the development of complex societies. General processes of urbanization and social stratification will be investigated, and examples will be drawn from throughout the Old and New Worlds, including the classical civilizations of the Near East, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Peru. Cr 3

ANT 213 Human Ecology

This course examines interactions between human societies and their natural environments. Human adaptation is viewed as a problem-solving process, involving the development of strategies for maximizing energy efficiency and reproductive success, for warding off environmental stress, and for reducing conflicts. These management strategies are examined for a number of human societies, and are used to gain insight into modern decision-making processes. Prerequisite: ANT 101J or ANT 102K. Cr 3

ANT 220I North American Indians

This course combines an ethnographic and archaeological perspective on the culture history and traditional cultures of native North Americans. Emphasis is placed on the relationship of aboriginal native cultures to their environments, and the evolution of complex societies in certain regions of North America. Also included is discussion of the fragmentation of Indian societies that followed the European invasion of North America. Cr 3

ANT 222I Peoples of the North

This course is designed as a comprehensive summary of the prehistory, traditional culture, and contemporary life ways of peoples living in the northern hemispheres of both the Old and New Worlds-from Maine to Alaska, and from Siberia to Lapland. Special attention will be given to the origins of these peoples; the problems of living in cold, northern environments; the effects of European contact; and the modern problems that they face ranging from the effects of urbanization to land claim disputes. Prerequisite: ANT 101J or ANT 103 or permission of instructor. Cr 3

ANT 224I Ancient Mesoamerica

An introduction to the archaeology and ethnohistory of the indigenous peoples of Mexico and adjacent parts of Central America up to the sixteenth century. Primary attention will be to the Olmec, Maya, and Aztec civilizations. Cr 3

ANT 230I Hunters and Gatherers

Hunting and gathering is a way of life, not simply a subsistence technique. Ninety-nine percent of human evolutionary history involved this kind of life, and our biology as a species was created through this mode of existence. In this ethnographically oriented course, we will study several hunter-gatherer societies including the Ju'/hoansi, the Mbuti, the Australian aborigines, and the Inuit. Special attention will be given to understanding the traditional life and world view of hunter-gatherers, but we will also focus on how recent political and economic events are changing their lives. Cr 3

ANT 232I The Anthropology of Sex and Gender

Sex and gender are, respectively, biological realities and cultural concepts. This course will examine the anthropology of sex and gender in an evolutionary-biological and cross-cultural perspective. The course is organized to explore the issues of sex and gender in three of the major subfields of anthropology: archaeology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. Topics will include bias in science, the biology and evolution of sex differences, sex-linked behaviors, nonhuman primates, human evolution and the division of labor, and sex roles in different kinds of human societies. Cr 3

ANT 233I Food and Culture

This course focuses on food as an essential and central part of human experience. We will examine the anthropology of food and food habits, including an evolutionary-ecological perspective, the reconstruction of past human diets from archaeological evidence, and a cross-cultural examination of the diversity of human food preferences and avoidances. An important goal of the course will be to try to understand and appreciate cultural differences in food habits from both an ecological and societal point of view. Cr 3

ANT 250I Archaeology of South America

This course is designed as a comprehensive summary of prehistoric cultures and paleoenvironmental conditions of South America. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of complex societies in the Andean and Pacific coast regions. Also included is a discussion of European contact and interaction with the Inca State. Cr 3

ANT 254 Archaeology of East Asia

This course will examine prehistoric cultural developments in China, Korea, and Japan. Several issues will be examined in depth, including the theoretical framework of regional research, the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, the development and spread of wet-rice farming, the development of regional states, and the role of writing and historic documents. Students will gain insight into the social and economic transformations of selected cultures. Cr 3

ANT 255 African Prehistory

This course examines the archaeological evidence for cultural developments in the African continent, from the earliest traces of hominid behavior through the Iron Age and pre-colonial states. Emphasis will be placed on the development of stone tool technology, pottery and metallurgy, the ecological setting of sites, the reconstruction of subsistence activities, and African geography and regional settlement patterns through time. Prerequisite: ANT 103 or permission of the instructor. Cr 3

ANT 260 Public Interpretation in Anthropology

Students are introduced to the interpretation of anthropological information for the public's benefit. Topics to be covered include museum exhibits, videos, computer-based presentations, and writing for a non-specialist audience. Student will work in teams to produce a finished product for presentation in museums, parks, schools, or other public venues. Credit varies according to the specific topics covered and the breadth of the project, as determined by the instructor. Prerequisite: one of the following: ANT 101J, ANT 102K, ANT 103. Cr 2-6

ANT 300 Action Anthropology

Students will engage in the pursuit of both knowledge and social action. Much of the information base for the social action project will come from concurrent enrollment in ANT 350 or ANT 301I, both of which address the environmental/cultural issues of indigenous peoples. The link between knowledge and informed action will be explicit: students will research a particular aspect of an environmental/cultural issue of indigenous peoples, and design a social action project to address it. This course will be particularly useful for students interested in a career in social or environmental service in a multi-ethnic setting. Credit will vary with the scope of the projects undertaken in a particular semester, as determined by the instructor. Prerequisite: concurrent registration in ANT 350 or ANT 301I. Cr 1-2

ANT 301I Victims of Progress: Indigenous Peoples in the Modern World

This course examines the disappearance of indigenous societies as a result of the expansion of industrial society, and the implications of such a process for the future of humanity, from both a scientific and humanistic point of view. It also discusses the role of anthropology in explaining and promoting culture change, and reviews the various philosophies of development exhibited in modern society. Prerequisite: ANT 101J. Cr 3

ANT 302 Medical Anthropology

This course considers the interface between medicine and anthropology in terms of both human biology and society. The course develops concepts of health as effective adaptation to environmental stresses, including infectious disease, nutritional stress, and psychosomatic illness, among others. It traces the history of health and disease in human society from hunter-gatherers to modern urban, industrial communities, and examines the way in which human populations have attempted to deal with various agents of disease. The course examines the diversity of human theories of disease causation and explores the role of modern medicine in effective health care delivery to persons of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Prerequisite: ANT 101J, ANT 102K, or permission of instructor. Cr 3

ANT 305 History of Archaeological Thought

This course is an historical survey of theory in archaeology from the early Classical archaeology and antiquarianism to contemporary processual, post-processual, and contextual approaches. It will examine the social history of archaeology in the United States. A special focus may include Scandinavian, Russian, Australian, or Japanese prehistory. Prerequisite: ANT 103. Cr 3

ANT 306 Analysis of Archaeological Materials

This course provides an opportunity for in-depth study of methods used in the analysis of archaeological materials after they are recovered from excavations. Students will work in teams to apply analytical techniques to archaeological site collections including ceramics; stone, bone, and shell artifacts; and archaeological soils and faunal remains. Credit will vary with the range of techniques covered in a particular semester. Prerequisite: ANT 103. Cr 3-6

ANT 307 Specialized Techniques in Archaeology

This course provides experience in the application of specific techniques from allied science disciplines to research problems in archaeology. Specific topics and course titles may vary. May be repeated for credit under different titles. Prerequisite: GYA 300 or ANT 306 or permission of the instructor. Cr 1-2

ANT 308 Environmental Archaeology

Students in this course will be introduced to the analytical techniques that are commonly used in the archaeological study of past environments and environmental change. Topics to be covered include archaeological soils, preservation conditions, the reconstruction of past climates and land forms, and the analysis of plant and animal communities from archaeological evidence. In semesters when this course carries more than 3 credits, requirements will include a substantial research project. Prerequisite: junior status and [ANT 103 or GYA 300]. Cr 3-6

ANT 310 History of Anthropological Thought

This course is a historical survey of theory in anthropology from the classical evolutionists to contemporary materialist and idealist approaches. It will examine the various theories in terms of their level of analysis, explanatory value, and relationship to the western society from which they emerged. This course is a requirement for those concentrating in anthropology. Prerequisite: ANT 101J and [ANT 102K or ANT 103]. Cr 3

ANT 315 Ethnography: Methods, Ethics, and Practice

This course offers students an overview of the methods of ethnographic observation and analysis and the ethical considerations of conducting such research. Students will be required to carry out ethnographic fieldwork, employing appropriate methods of data collection and analysis. Credit will vary depending on the scope of the fieldwork project, as determined by the instructor. Prerequisite: ANT 101J and [one ethnography course or ANT 310]. Cr 3-6

ANT 320 Human Osteology

This course provides an introduction to the study and analysis of human skeletal material found at archaeological sites. We will focus on learning detailed human skeletal anatomy and the various metric and non-metric techniques used in aging, sexing, stature determination, and analysis of pathologies and injuries. Consideration will be given to how these techniques are applied in demographic and other analysis of prehistoric human populations. Prerequisite: ANT 102K or permission of instructor. Cr 3

ANT 340 Primate Behavior

This is an intermediate course in primatology and theories of social behavior. Although the focus will be ethological, we will also consider primate biology, ecology, and biogeography. Aspects of primate behavior that will be considered include social organization, aggression, dominance, the mother-infant bond, play, sex roles, and intergroup relationships. We will also examine attempts to teach language to non-human primates and will consider the use of primates in models of human evolution. Prerequisite: ANT 102K or permission of instructor. Cr 3 

ANT 350 Amazon Peoples and Development

In recent years, the alarm has been sounded about the rapid destruction of the Amazon rainforest and the unknown consequences of the loss of perhaps one-third of the world's species; less attention has been paid to the extinction of systems of knowledge and survival developed over the millennia by the indigenous forest people, not the least of which is how to live sustainably in the complex ecosystem in a rich diversity of cultures. In this course, students will examine these cultures for what they can teach us, as well as the effects of colonization and "development" on the forest and its inhabitants. Prerequisite: ANT 101J. Cr 3

ANT 360 Public Archaeology

This course introduces students to the interpretation of archaeological information for the public benefit. Topics to be covered include museum exhibits, collection management, federal and state legislation, ethics, site conservation database management, and GIS. Students will work in teams to produce a finished product for presentation during Archaeology Awareness Week. The course includes prehistoric excavation and a trip to two museums. Credit varies with the specific substantial topics and project breadth. Prerequisite: ANT 103. Cr 2-6

ANT 410 Zooarchaeology

Zooarchaeology, the study of animal remains from archaeological sites, provides information for archaeologists about human diet and subsistence practices through time. The course will offer the basic theoretical and methodological foundations of zooarchaeological analysis, focusing on the study of mammalian bones recovered from archaeological sites. The approach will be lab-oriented, with emphasis on learning techniques of analysis and on interpreting archaeological faunal assemblages. Credit will vary with the scope of the projects undertaken in a particular semester. Prerequisite: ANT 102K, ANT 103, or a course in archaeology. Cr 3-6

ANT 450 Topics in Anthropology

This course is designed to undertake detailed, in-depth analysis of important topics and issues in such subfields of anthropology as sociocultural anthropology, biological anthropology, and archaeology. Topics vary from semester to semester. Research papers are required. Prerequisite: junior standing or permission of instructor. Cr 3

Geography

GEO 101J Human Geography

This course examines social, economic, and political processes that shape the contemporary global landscape, with particular emphasis on the relationships between developed and developing regions of the world. Cartography, population trends, agricultural systems, migration, urbanization, and industrialization are among the topics covered. Cr 3

GEO 102K Physical Geography

This course examines the physical processes of the environment as they relate to human endeavors. Climate, soil, vegetation, land form, water, and mineral resources are among the topics covered. Laboratory exercises acquaint the student with the materials and methods of physical geography. Climate data, topographic maps, and field observations are employed to solve practical problems of human interaction with the environment. Cr 4

GEO 103 Human-Environmental Geography

Using geographic perspectives, this course focuses on the changing nature of the earth's environment and the human role in these changes. Both direct and indirect human impacts on the biosphere, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere are considered, including tropical deforestation and the loss of biodiversity, the human role in global climate change, and the impact of human actions on world fisheries. Local and regional examples will be incorporated. Cr 3

GEO 108 GIS Applications

An introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS), stressing the practical applications of popular graphical user interface (GUI) software packages such as ArcView. Topics covered include displaying, downloading, editing, analyzing, and printing public domain and user-created geographical data sets. The main emphasis of the course is on the acquisition of system operation skills. Cr 3

GEO 120J Geography of Maine

This course will examine Maine as a geographic region. Physical and cultural attributes of the state will be analyzed. Political, economic, and demographic factors will be emphasized in viewing the assets and problems of the Maine environment and in planning Maine's future. Cr 3

GEO 203J Urban and Regional Development

Students will survey contemporary patterns of urban and regional development through comparative analysis. Students will examine links between urbanization, employment, and social welfare in different political and economic contexts as the course moves from the global scale to the local. Students will be introduced to a series of research skills including the use of computer databases and spreadsheet programs, many of which will be of use in other courses.  Cr 3

GEO 205 Remote Sensing

An introduction to the use of remotely sensed data for the study of human and environmental phenomena. Image-processing software is used to analyze satellite images; raster GIS is used to explore a variety of geographical modeling, spatial, and data presentation techniques. Prerequisite: recommended as a companion course to GEO 208 and GEO 308. Cr 3

GEO 207J Maps: Knowledge, Technology, Society, Culture

This course introduces the interdisciplinary nature of maps and geographic knowledge. Its core theme is the manner in which our complex knowledge of the world is constructed cartographically through technologies, social institutions and cultural expectations. Using examples from prehistoric rock carvings to modern computer graphics, maps are interpreted as products of human ingenuity, rather than statements of geographic fact; they do not just show the world, they show our conception of what the world ought to be. Cr 3

GEO 208 Cartography I

This is an introductory course in cartography focused on developing basic mapping and graphic communication skills essential to a wide variety of disciplines. The course will be flexible and adjusted to individual needs. Familiarization with basic charting technology and cartographic tools will be included. Cr 3

GEO 209 Introduction to Land Use Planning

This course offers an overview of human/land relationships as they influence contemporary patterns of settlement and use of the land. It will discuss the logic of a planning process as a method of decision making; the formulation of goals and evaluation of alternative courses of action; standards and requirements for specific planning objectives (such as land use, energy, recreation, transportation); and the place of the planning function in government and the role of citizens and private groups. Introduction to basic planning tools and techniques including PERT, aerial photography, and methods of land inventory and classification will be presented.  Cr 3

GEO 210 Planning Maine Communities: Current Issues and Directions

This course will examine the issues facing Maine communities such as providing affordable housing; maintaining and improving the community's physical facilities such as streets, sewers, playgrounds, etc.; disposing of solid and hazardous wastes; stimulating jobs and economic development; providing adequate transportation facilities; and preserving Maine's environment and lifestyle in the face of growth. It will also address how these issues can be addressed through the use of the planning process and sound planning techniques. Cr 3  

GEO 211 Middle America: Lands and Peoples

A general introduction to the environments and peoples of Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean from a geographical perspective. A broad array of topics is covered including landforms, ecology, environmental hazards, population, cities, sustainable development, geopolitics, frontiers, conservation, traditional cultures and resource management, cultural survival, and the region's role in the global economy. Cr 3

GEO 302 Gender, Work, and Space

Students will examine the ways in which the workforce is divided by gender, race, class, and ethnicity and how location and space shape and sustain such divisions. Competing explanations for why women and minorities hold jobs that differ distinctly from jobs held by other workers will be examined. Students will learn how a geographic understanding of gender, race, ethnicity, and class can help explain more fully the current position of women in the economy. Cr 3

GEO 303 Economic Geography

This course examines the intersection between economies and geography. Emphasis is placed on the social, cultural, and political contexts within which economies develop and are regulated and restructured. Students are introduced to the skills which allow them to interpret and understand the present economic landscapes and to evaluate the factors and trends that anticipate the future. Prerequisite: ANT 101J, GEO 101J, GEO 203J, ECO 101J, ECO 102J, or permission of instructor. Cr 3

GEO 304 Holocene Environments

Holocene (10,000 B.P.-present) environmental processes are unique in two respects: They fall within the scope of human historical record, and they are influenced by human actions. During the lecture portion of the course, patterns and processes of human interaction with Holocene environments are explored. During the seminar portion of the course, historical and scientific data are used to develop case studies of some of these environments. Prerequisite: one of the following: GEO 102K, ANT 102K, GEO 101J, GEY 111K, or BIO 331. Cr 3

GEO 307 History of Anglo-American Cartography

A comparative history of the creation, dissemination, and control of spatial knowledge in Britain and North America, from 1500 to 1917. This course examines which social institutions have promoted the creation and use of maps, what cultural expectations have defined the character of geographic knowledge, and how those social institutions and cultural expectations have been shaped by the practices of map making. Particular attention will be paid to the territorial aspects of the modern state, to the economic foundations of map making, and to the cultural ideologies of geographic knowledge. Prerequisite: any 200/300-level GEO or HTY course, or instructor's permission. Cr 3

GEO 308 GIS I

Students are introduced to the skills necessary to run a vector-based geographical information system (GIS). Topics covered are the characteristics of line, point, area, and boundary data; numerical data entry; digitizing; data manipulation; and output generation. Possible sources of confusion and error, both of system operation and of output interpretation, are reviewed. The course comprises a weekly lecture and a weekly laboratory. Prerequisite: one of the following: ESP/GEO 108, GEO 205, GEO 208, GEY 202, GEY 301, GEO/GEY 360. Cr 3

GEO 309 Tropical Biogeography and Conservation

This course examines the physical, biological, ecological, and human-environmental aspects of the tropics and subtropics. The first half of the course investigates biophysical geographic aspects of the tropics such as climate, soils, vegetation, and diversity. The second half investigates how humans have altered these biophysical processes, focusing on issues such as population growth, logging, cattle ranching, and the role of indigenous rights. Prerequisite: GEO 102K or GEO 103 or permission of the instructor. Cr 3

GEO 310 History of Geographical Thought

An historical survey of the theory and discipline of geography from its classical origins to the modern proliferation of idealist and positivist approaches. Most of the course will cover the development of the modern, secular discipline in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Of central concern are the relationships between imperialism (including racism), the study of other peoples by the West, and the configuration of geographical thought and institutions. Prerequisite: GEO 101J or GEO 102K or instructor's permission. Cr 3

GEO 402 Urban Geography

This course examines the underlying social, economic, cultural, and political processes that have created and continue to shape the North American urban landscape. The course will combine readings, lectures, discussion, and fieldwork to explore various themes in urban geography. Topics may include industrialization, immigration, residential segregation, housing, economic development, sustainable growth, urban ecology, and planning policy. Prerequisite: GEO 101J, GEO 203J, or permission of instructor. Cr 3-6

GEO 403 Urban Physical Geography

Past and present urban environments are characterized by intense human impacts on environmental processes, both planned and unplanned. Using a combination of field and laboratory techniques, students will develop an analytical model exploring one or more aspects of this interaction between people and urban environments. Prerequisite: one of the following: GEO 102K, GEO 402, GEY 202, or BIO 331. Cr3

GEO 408 GIS II

This weekly seminar emphasizes the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in research and professional environments. It has two components: project design and project execution. Project design focuses on hypothesis generation, planning time lines and individual work assignments, and identifying technical and data resources. Projected execution is undertaken using a variety of raster, vector, and graphical user interface (GUI) software, as appropriate to the project in hand. Prerequisite: GEO 308. Cr 3

GEO 409 Ethnobotany: Plants and People

This course explores the contemporary and historical interaction between people and the plant world, focusing on the works of geographers, anthropologists, and botanists. Topics to be explored include plant domestication theory, crop diversity, economic botany, the "green revolution," biotechnology, medicinal and hallucinogenic plants, illicit ethnobotany, and sustainable development. Prerequisite: GEO 102K or GEO 103 or ESP 101 or permission of instructor. Cr 3

GEO 450 Topics in Geography

This course provides in-depth analysis of relevant topics from the perspective of an economic, political, cultural, regional, or other focused approach to geographic study. The topics vary depending upon current issues of significance and the special background of the instructor. Research papers are required. Prerequisite: permission of the Department. Cr 3

GEO 458 Research Applications in GIS

An advanced workshop in geographical information systems (GIS) in which students undertake an original research project. The objective of the course is to generate a product which meets professional standards for publication or presentation at a professional meeting, allowing students to build resumes and gain exposure to a professional audience. Prerequisite: GEO 308. Cr 3

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