Aboriginal Peoples: the original inhabitants of a country or territory.

Abstain: to refrain from casting a vote.

Ad Hoc: for a specific purpose (ex: an ad hoc committee is a committee designed to cover a specific purpose).

Annex: to incorporate into a country the territory of another country.

Auspices: protection of patronage.

Autonomy: independence, self-government.

Bilateral: having or involving two countries.

Bloc: groups of geographically proximal nations that meet together to formulate group policies on key issues.

Breach of Treaty: failure to observe the terms of a signed treaty.

Bystander Nation: a nation that may be indirectly affected by international actions, such as sanctions.

Capital Punishment: punishment of a crime by the execution of the offender.

Cartel: an association of industries formed to establish an international monopoly.

Caucus: a meeting among delegates to discuss issues relating to the resolution and debate topics.

Censure: to blame, criticize adversely, or express disapproval.

Compensary Financing: credit designed to help raw material producing members of the International Monetary Fund in times of poor markets for their exports.

Convention: a practice or custom followed by a government or society, although it is not explicitly written into the constitution or in legislation.

Coup d’etat: a sudden and decisive act in politics, usually bringing about a change in the government unlawfully and by force.

Decolonization: the establishment of a self-governing area.

Deregulation: the process of removing restrictions and regulations.

Destabilization: the act of making a government unstable.

Detainment: detention.

Dilatory: causing delay.

Dissemination: the act or process of scattering or state of being scattered, spread abroad, diffusion.

EEC: European Economic Council.

Expansion: the policy of broadening one’s borders.

Expropriations: the taking of property into public ownership without compensation, such as property of foreign investors or foreign industry in a country.

Extradition: the surrender of a fugitive or prisoner by one state, nation, or legal authority to another.

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO): helps governments improve the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of food and agricultural products, promote rural development, and eliminate hunger.

Foreign Intervention: interference by one nation into another’s affairs.

Forum: an assembly for discussing questions of foreign interest.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): the total value of goods and services produced in a country during a specific period of time.

Hate Crime: an illegal or unjust act targeted specifically toward a particular group based on ethnicity, religion, race, or creed.

Indigenous Peoples: those people inhabiting a land prior to the colonization of that land by another nation.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): A branch of the World Bank; it lends money and provides technical assistance for agriculture and rural development projects, energy, ports, power facilities, roads, railways, and other needed infrastructure.

International Development Association (IDA): makes loans on very easy terms to the poorest of the developing nations.

International Finance Corporation (IFC): assists private enterprise in developing nations.

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD): seeks to end hunger and malnutrition in developing countries by helping them improve their food production. IFAD makes loans and grants to projects that promote agriculture, livestock development, irrigation, training, credit, and fisheries.

International Labor Organization (ILO): seeks to improve working conditions, sets international labor standards, assists member countries in such fields as vocational training, manpower planning, occupational health and safety, and social security.

International Maritime Organization (IMO): promotes cooperation among governments on technical matters affecting shipping. IMO sets standards for maritime safety, efficient navigation, and prevention of control of pollution from ships.

International Monetary Fund (IMF): Seeks to promote international monetary cooperation and facilitate the expansion of trade. IMF provides financing to countries with balance-of-payment difficulties along with technical assistance to improve their economic management.

Internal Affairs: having to do with affairs within country, domestic affairs, etc.

Junta: 1A- a political or military group holding power after a revolution. 1B- a political faction; a group of plotters or partisans. 2- an assembly or council for deliberation or administration, especially for Spain or South America.

Mandate: 1. a commission given to one nation by a group of nations to administer the government and affairs of a territory or colony. 2. a mandated territory.

Multilateral: having many sides; involved in or participated in by more than two nations or parties.

Multinational (Transnational) Corporation: a company having branches in several countries.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): an alliance of fourteen noncommunist European and North American nations providing joint military cooperation.

Nonaligned: a term for nations that remain neutral, not favoring one side or the other.

Office of the UN Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO): a clearinghouse for relief in times of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. UNDRO mobilizes and coordinates emergency assistance from around the world.

Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): extends international protection and material assistance to refugees (except those in the Middle East aided by UNRWA) and negotiates with governments to resettle and repatriate them.

Organization for African Unity (OAU): an association of forty-eight African countries working to promote unity, independence, and the improvement of Africa.

Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC): an association of thirteen countries that depend on oil exports for their income. OPEC establishes taxes, royalties, and various trade rules.

Peacekeeping Forces: a force sent by the UN to maintain, enforce, or intervene to achieve a cessation of hostilities between opposing armies, countries, or other groups.

Proliferation: a spreading, propagation.

Protectionism: the process of government economic protection for domestic producers through restrictions of foreign competition.

Rapporteur: a member of a legislative, military, or official group appointed to record and to make or draw up a report of the happenings of the group.

Secretariat: headed by the Secretary-General, it serves as staff to the other organs of the UN and administers the projects and policies laid down by them.

Security Council (SC): an organ of the UN that is given the responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. The SC has the power to direct UN action against threats of peace.

Socialism: a theory or system of social organization by which the major means of production and distribution are owned, managed, and controlled by the government by an association of workers, or by the community as a whole.

Sovereignty: freedom from external control.

Transnational Corporation: see multinational corporation.

UN Center for Human Settlements (HABITAT): deals with the housing problem of the urban and rural poor in developing countries.

UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF): provides technical and financial assistance to developing countries for programs benefiting children. UNICEF helps them plan and extend services in maternal and child health, applied nutrition, clean water and sanitation, formal and non-formal education, and responsible parenthood.

UN Conference of Trade and Development (UNCTAD): works to establish agreements on commodity price stabilization and to codify principles of international trade.

UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM): an autonomous agency associated with UNDP that supports projects benefiting women in developing countries.

UN Development Program (UNDP): the central funding, planning, and coordinating organization for "technical assistance" and development in the UN system. UNDP provides grant assistance to build skills and develop resources in areas such as agriculture, industry, health, education, economic planning, transport, and communications.

UN Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): promotes collaboration among countries in the fields of education, science, culture, and communication. UNESCO trains teachers and educational planners, organizes scientific explorations, preserves works of art and monuments, and assists developing countries to improve their media.

UN Environment Program (UNEP): monitors significant changes in the environment and works to develop sound environmental practices worldwide.

UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO): promotes the industrialization of developing countries. UNIDO facilitates the transfer of technology to them, organizes training programs, and helps them obtain external financing.

UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR): seeks to enhance the effectiveness of the UN via training programs for government and UN officials and research on a variety of international issues.

UN Population Fund (UNFPA): the largest internationally funded source of assistance to population programs in developing countries. UNFPA aids governments and UN officials and research on a variety of international issues.

UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA): helps Palestinian refugees in the Near East, provides shelter, food, transportation, and education.

World Bank: seeks to raise the standard of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them. This is done through three institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC).

World Health Organization (WHO): supports programs of health and nutritional education, safe water, family planning, immunization against major diseases, and research.

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO): ensures international cooperation for the protection of inventions, trademarks, copyrights, etc.

Xenophobia: an individual’s irrational and obsessive hatred of people perceived as different and foreign; mostly relating to the concepts of racism and ethnocentrism.